CANOE BUILDING

Information and Resources

Native American and Modern

It took 28 days or "1 moon" to make
a canoe. After burning the middle they
would scrape the ash away with shells.

from: Timucua Indian Program

Pre-European Florida-1565

A PRIMER ON CANOE DESIGN

Canoes were made by felling large trees, letting them sit for three months or so until they were dry, and the burning the insides out of them. This process had to be carefully watched.  Earliest people used dugout canoes. Native men would make a canoe from one tree using no metal edged tools. After felling a great tree, they hollowed it by putting rosin on one side and setting fire to it. The tree was burned in small sections and the resulting coal scraped out with shells. A large canoe could glide quietly along with twenty men.

Canoe travel on rivers, lakes and possibly the ocean provided the principal means of transportation. There were no beasts of burden in North America and it is not certain if the Lenape people used their dogs to carry things as some tribes did. What had to be transported was carried on people's backs or in canoes. Canoes were made from the trunks of trees such as Tulip Tree, Elm, Oak, or Chestnut. In fact the Lenape name for the Tulip Tree is Muxulhemenshi - "Tree from which canoes are made."

Birch bark canoes were not used in the Lenape homeland because the type of birch growing there is not suitable for canoe making. In this illustration, a tree is being felled by means of fire set against the base of the trunk. Wet deerskin has been wrapped around the trunk to keep the fire from spreading upwards. From time to time the fire will be doused and the charred portions adzed away. By repeating this process the tree is finally burned through and falls for lack of support. In making a dugout canoe, a suitable tree trunk is selected and one side is adzed flat. Small fires are set to burn into the trunk, thus helping to hollow it. Charred parts are adzed or gouged out and the hull is finally planed smooth.

There is no single origin or model of the canoe! The canoe with its various shapes and forms and sizes was a common watercraft of numerous aboriginal groups on the North American continent and its design characteristics depended in part on the area of intended use. Some canoes had a high bow and stern, others had bows and decks partially or completely covered as in a kayak. East coast canoes or those used on the Great Lakes were large and sturdily crafted canoes; others used in the interior and on the prairie were small and essentially single person or even single crossing crafts.

The early model canoes were made of readily available local materials: a light wooden frame or skeleton (often cedar) with a birch bark exterior or skin. The canoe was designed to travel the diverse waterways of the continent- from large lakes to fast and/or shallow, marshy rivers including the possibility of frequent portages. By necessity, therefore, the canoes had to be light-weight, yet rugged enough to withstand the often dangerous sections of interior waterways

Most Indian canoes were small, light, and fast. They'd carry a few people rapidly up and down rivers and lakes. The Iroquois built big, 30-foot-long freight-carrying canoes that could haul 18 passengers or a ton of merchandise. But even they could be portaged by just three people.

The Indian canoe was a tough light wooden frame with a skin of bark -- usually birch. Sometimes the bark was put on in one piece and pleated to take up slack as it was contoured. Sometimes it was sewn in sections and caulked with spruce gum. The techniques of sewing, binding, carving, and selecting and preparing materials were very sophisticated. Designs varied from tribe to tribe, according to local conditions. But even the kayak in the far north, covered with animal skin instead of bark, reflects the same concepts of shape and propulsion.

CANOE PROBLEMS TO WORK ON

SPEED and EFFICIENCY

RESISTANCE  - Canoe travel is limited by skin friction and wave making resistance. Skin friction is the major form of drag at recreational speeds and is affected by surface texture and hull size. Wave making is a limiting factor only at higher speeds and is affected by length, width and shape.

SKIN TEXTURE  - determines the thickness of the boundary layer of water carried by the canoe. Rougher surfaces carry a thicker boundary layer, increasing drag. Gel coated canoes have less skin friction than rubber or sheet metal ones. New or freshly sanded hulls are slicker than scratched ones.

CANOE SIZE -  Smaller canoes have less skin per payload than larger ones just as a sphere encloses more volume per surface unit than a cylinder. Larger canoes have more surface area and, hence, more skin drag, than smaller ones.

VOLUME -  Canoes displace water equaling the weight of hull, passengers and gear. Canoes should float intended loads safely, but excess capacity with its increase in wetted surface requires extra effort to achieve tripping speed.

WAVE MAKING and LENGTH  - Wave making limits maximum canoe speed and is the major resistance source at higher hull speeds. As speed increases, the distance between the first and second bow waves expands until the canoe drops into the trough between the waves. The canoe has reached maximum speed. [Compute in mph by multiplying the waterline length's square root by 1.40.] Longer Canoes are faster than shorter ones, but require increased effort at given speeds due to greater wetted area.

SHAPE: LENGTH to WIDTH RATIOS;  - Waterline length divided by waterline width is a rough measure of canoe efficiency. Flatwater racers have ratios of 7, and efficient tourers are near that. Asymmetry, placing the widest part of the canoe aft of center moves water around the widest portion of the hull more slowly.

HANDLING  - Seaworthiness and handling, the way canoes react to paddle and water, is effected by in water and above water shape.

STABILITY  - is most effected by cross sectional shaping. Resistance to roll in an upright canoe is maximized by flatter bottom shapes. Resistance to capsize increases with flare above waterline.

CROSS SECTIONS  - Elliptical bottom sections, minimize shoulder wetted surface area to reduce drag. Soft chines increase seaworthiness in beam seas and heel predictably for advanced paddling techniques. Flare above waterline resists pitching and directs waves outward.

TRACKING  - Tracking, or course stability, is effected by length to width ratio and fineness of lines. Long, slim hulls stay on course better than shorter, fuller ones. The most significant factor in canoe misdirection is paddler caused yaw.

YAW and ROCKER  - Bow paddlers have little effect on tracking, but stern or solo paddlers sit aft of rotational center, and stroke misdirection is amplified. Carrying the paddle behind the torso ends the stroke in an arc and pulls the stern towards the paddle. This rotation is yaw; paddler caused misdirection most often corrected with the J stroke. Lessening stern rocker resists yaw, but lessening bow rocker has little effect. Increasing bow rocker allows the bow paddler to initiate turns and increases speed by reducing wetted surface and displacing water downwards more gradually.

Native Americans Making a Yurok Canoe

In 1968 some Yurok elders (Dewey George and Jimmy James) made a dugout canoe
that can now be found at the Redwood Information Center.

The canoe is 3.5 feet wide, 1.5 feet deep and 18 feet long (they made it from a half of a solid redwood log).

Some of the traditional features of a Yurok canoe that this canoe has are: a square prow, a seat and foot
braces in the back and a gradually curving under side.

The Yurok people would build their canoes from coast redwood trees because not only did the Yuroks
have a lot of them but the trees' wood was resistant to rotting and insect damage.

The Yurok people had very small tools such as elkhorn wedges so they would almost always find a tree that
had already fallen down.

If you go too see a canoe already made, you should notice that there is water in it. This is so the wood does
not dry and split.

It takes between 350 and 500 hours to make a birchbark canoe, depending on the size of the canoe and the complexity of the design.  Professional canoes can cost from $300 a foot and up. It takes an expert.  http://www.wcha.org/wcj/v21_n5/cayard.html

 

Cherokee Canoe
 
Canoe Plants of Ancient Hawaii

Making a miniature birchbark canoe

Ojibwe Canoe  birch tree (have to buy a video of the construction)

Photo of Native making a canoe - Canada

Professional Canoe and Kayak Companies - Plans - sales

Guillemot Kayaks - http://www.guillemot-kayaks.com
Home page of Nick Schade and Guillemot Kayaks. Devoted to kayaking. Includes trip reports, pictures, wood strip kayak building information. Featuring Guillemot Kayak's strip built sea kayak designs. Offering plans for sale online.

Laughing Loon - http://www.laughingloon.com
Kayak Plans, Canoe Plans, Kits and Finished Boats.

Chesapeake Light Craft: Sea Kayak Kits and Plans. - http://www.clcboats.com
Chesapeake Light Craft sells quality wooden kayak boat plans and kayak boat kits, wooden rowing shell plans and kits, and boat building materials and supplies.

The Newfound Woodworks, Inc. - http://www.newfound.com
Offering Cedar Strip Canoe, Boat and Kayak Kits.

San Javier Kayak - http://www.woodenkayak.com
Wood sea kayaks. Kits and plans. Contemporary stitch and glue designs. Fun to build and paddle.

Building the Greenland Kayak - http://home.att.net/~jimcoburn/
An overview of the building process, using traditional materials. Includes tips about building and links to kits, plans, and books about building your own boat.

Flounder Bay Boat Lumber - http://www.flounderbay.com
Suppliers of boat lumber, small craft kits, books, and supplies for the d-i-y canoe builder.

Bear Mountain Boat Shop - http://www.bearmountainboats.com/
Selling cedar strip canoe and kayak plans, model kits, books, and videos for training canoe builders in Canada and the USA. Order online.

Wooden Nickel Kayaks - http://www.woodennickelkayaks.com/
Kayak and canoe kits with fiberglass hulls for curved mahogany plywood decks or bead and cove cedar strip decks.

Stillwater Boats - http://www.by-the-sea.com/stillwaterboats
Stillwater Boats sells boat kits and superbly finished wooden canoes.

Inverness Boatworks - http://www.inverness-lodge.com
Custom builders of canoes and kayaks and suppliers of superior Cedar cove and bead strips for planking.

Grant's Stitch and Glue Canoe - http://www.riverstoneinternet.com/canoebuilding/
How to build an ultra light stitch and glue plywood canoe that really looks like a canoe!

The Classic Canoe - http://www.compumarine.com/canoe.htm
Classic canoe boat plans, cedar strip designs for amateur boatbuilders.

The Canoe Paddle Page - http://homepages.tesco.net/~moosehead/
Making canoe paddles in wood; canoe paddle design; collections of canoe paddles; books and articles on paddle-making.

Building a Plywood Canoe - http://www.richardgrieve.co.uk/canoe/
The story of building a Fisher Prospector. Attempts to give some idea of how to create a strong, durable craft with minimum cost and maximum pleasure.

PakYak Prototype - http://robroy.totalsports.net/boats/PakYak/index.phtml
Online plans, pictures, and discussion of Jim Heter's custom-designed folding kayak.

Bentwood Canoe Company - http://ultimatebeachchair.com
We mill precision cedar strips w/bead and cove edges, for canoe and kayak consruction. lengths to 20' at .28/lf.

Canoe and Kayak Plans for Sale
Canoe and Kayak Plans for Sale

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Arkansas Canoe Club - The Arkansas Canoe Club is an organization dedicated to safe and enjoyable paddlesports. We have chapters in Arkansas and Okalhoma.

Ashland Hardwood Gallery: Canoes & Paddles - Hand made hardwood canoes, paddles and oars made in the Pacific Northwest. Very light and very strong.

Atlantic Kayak Association - This site is the home page for a young Altlantic Canadian Kayak club with members organizing trips for fellow members and sharing their knowledge.

Atlantic Kayak Association - This site is the home page for a young Altlantic Canadian Kayak club with members organizing trips for fellow members and sharing their knowledge.

Australian Canoeing Online - Australia's Premier Paddle sport web Site!

Avon Descent - Western Australia's Avon Descent is the ultimate 2 day event. 133kms of white water ti-trees flat flowing water and over 10000 spectators. Leave the first weekend in August free for this one. Now in it's 22nd year.

Backwater Paddling - Backwater Paddling in Prince George B.C. Canada is your one stop whitewater and touring kayaking stop. Lessons sales rentals advice and much much more.

Barry Cull's Wilderness Adventures - The site chronicals my canoe-camping adventures with family and friends. It lists locations, favourite canoe trips, and canoe projects.

Barrys Gallery - Graphic art of canoes,scenes,seashores,wildlife,some poetry,and portraits.

Barrys Gallery of Canoe Art and River Scenes - Canoe art, photos, and river scenes from canoe trips in Florida. Also portraits, and wildlife scenes.

Bel Haven Canoe and Kayak - South Jersey's Canoe and Kayak rentals and sales. Trips on the Wading,Oswego,Batsto,and Mullica rivers.We provide the transportation. Plus other boating accessories.

Best Ace Online - Best Ace Online provides information about Best Ace Hardware and Best Ace Hardware & Garden Center. We specialize in kayaks and lawn & garden.

Boatin’ Home - Personal experiences in paddling canoes and kayaks around the waters of Wisconsin featuring looks at gear and related info on its use.

Calgary canoe Club - Calgary canoe Club is forty years old. Is vibrant and offers all canoe/kayak disciplines to its members and visitors

Canadian canoeing in Italy - Informations about canadian canoeing: river maps canoe clubs meetings links books

Canadian White Water Competition - A site for white water competition in Canada: Slalom, Wildwater, Freestyle, Canoe Polo, National Competition Schedule, International Competition, Provincial Competition, International Canoe Federation, Olympics, National Senior Team, World Cup Team, National Junior Team, National Development Squads, Results.

Canoa Cedar Canoes - Individually hand crafted Cedar Strip Canoes, custom built to suit your specifications

Canoe & Kayak Rentals - The Canoe Shack Offers unguided canoe trips on the beautiful Fox & West Branch of the Desplanes rivers. We are located about 30 miles west of Chicago in St. Charles Il. Call 630-584 8017 to reserve your canoe. See ya on the River soon!

Canoe / Kayak camping guide - Canoeing pictures Camping stories Equipment lists Backwoods camping quiz

Canoe and Kayak the James River Basin in the Shena - Half to six day canoe and kayak trips on the James and Maury Rivers in western Virginia. Difficulty varies from runs of class I rapids to class II and III. Since 1978

Canoe Camping - Top 40 - Descriptions and pictures of some of the best rivers in the U.S. for extended canoe camping trips of a week or more.

Canoe Club of Lancaster University - information on club activities loads of local photos information on rivers in the uk. Includes a rodeo page and is regularly updated.

Canoe Strips from Western Red Cedar - Cedar strips - premium quality western red cedar - to build canoes, kayaks and rowboat hulls.

Canoeing and Kayaking the Suwannee River - A Major Resource for specific and detailed information on Canoeing and Kayaking the Suwannee River and it's headwaters, the Okefenokee Swamp.

Canoeing For Kids - Canoeing For Kids is a Columbia SC based non-profit organization serving as both a fund raiser and recreational outlet for disadvantaged children. Funds are raised primarily through Canoe-a-thons involving hundreds of paddlers. However our primary function is providing FREE canoe outings for underprivileged children. Over 25 charities and 1700 kids have enjoyed the successes

Canoeing in Florida with Canoe Outpost - Paddle five of the most beautiful rivers in Florida with Canoe Outpost Florida's oldest and largest outfitter.Half day full day and overnight camping trips.

Canoeing Western Australia - Canoeing WA is the governing body of canoeing in Western Australia. Our site provides information about paddling in Western Australia.

Canoeing Western Australia - The Official Web Site of the Canoe Association of Western Australia. Provides information on all aspects of canoeing and paddling in Western Australia

canoesinholland - european canoes

Cape Cod Coastal Canoe & Kayak - Daily, April through October, natural history paddling tours by canoe and kayak of Cape Cod's tidal rivers, creeks, salt marshes, and bays.

Cape Cod Kayak - This is the homepage of Cape Cod Kayak.

Carrying Place Canoe Works - hand-crafted cedar ca - There will be moments and places you will always cherish when you own and paddle a canoe from CARRYING PLACE CANOE & BOAT WORKS LIMITED. Paddling a cedar canoe designed and handbuilt by Joe Ziemba makes the journey not the destination a mystical experienc

Cedar Strip Canoes Plans & Accessories by Valley W - Canoe builder with plans custom decals custom sized paddles hand woven cane seats wood strips and more for the self-builder of cedar strip canoes.

Chicagoland Canoe Base - We provide river information for rivers in Illinios. We also share a of events and promotions for the paddling community.

Chicagoland Canoe Base - We carry over 30 makes of canoes and kayaks and all the gear needed to get started in paddlesports

Coastal Spirits Educational Adventures and Lodge - Recommended by the National Geographic Travel Guide, Coastal Spirits offers kayak camping tours as well as lodge based trips, kayak with the whales, Discovery Islands, Quadra Island, Vancouver Island

Cody's Kayaking Page - photos of several river runs in Colorado.

Coulonge River Canoe Trip Planner - Maps route descriptions a trip album and other resources for planning a week long whitewater paddle down the Coulonge River in Western Quebec

Coureur d'eaux vives - An French Association who like white Rivers

Coyote Canoeing - Canoe Instruction & Trips. ACA Canoe Course Outlines online. Links to other Canoe and related sites.

creek-high - Gnar boating is our focus and the northcoast is our game> Check it out.

Crusader Wetsuits - Cheap wetsuits & Accessories - Crusader Wetsuits sells cheap wetsuits and accessories to clubs and individuals direct. FREE colour catalogue.

Davenwood Canoes Kayaks Ski's & Sit-on-Tops - At this time this is a commercial site started 4 months ago, which will eventually incorporate activities, and items of interest.

Dayton Canoe Club - The DCC is one of the oldest canoe clubs in the US we've been around since 1912! Our 120 members enjoy cruising sailing poling and sea and whitewater kayaking. We have a large collection of pre-war wood and canvas canoes!

Discovery Expeditions - Guided sea kayaking adventures on Canada's WestCoast. Destinations on Vancouver Island, the Queen Charlottes, the Inside Passage, Baja, Belize. Trips available summer and winter. Schedules maintained since 1986. Small group travel.

Dismals Canyon - Bear Creek Canoe Trips - National Natural Landmark located 30 miles south of Muscle Shoals, Alabama. A pristine wilderness offering romantic cabins, secluded campsites, hiking, and canoeing.

Double Dutch UK - we market double dutch competition kayaks,canoes and paddles in the UK

Easykayaker - a Vancouver Island Kayak Paddling web site that features outdoor adventures, kayak tours, and where to stay. The site has navigation maps, kayak journals, kayak photos, table references for kayaking (tides, weather), local news from East Vancouver Island, and information on

Feelfree New Zealand - Kayaks and Accessories - Feelfree New Zealand - Supplier of Whitewater Kayaks and Accessories

Float Fishermen of Virginia, Inc. - FFV is a statewide organization of canoeists, kayakers, rafters and other boaters which started in 1969. Together, we float the rivers, streams and waterways of Virginia and work to preserve and protect these important natural resources.

Florida Kayak & Canoe Centers - Florida Kayak & Canoe Centers web is an online Ma & Pa kayak shop you will find information about different lines of kayaks and accessories. Learn about up coming trips and tours.

General Clinton Canoe Regatta - Annual General Clinton Canoe Regatta in Bainbridge NY features 4 days of races and fun. Staged Memorial Day weekend. Camping Accommodations RVs.

GetOutside.net Your Gateway to the GReat Outdoors - Your Gateway to the Great Outdoors

Glenn Wallace's Canoe and Kayk Page - a page about whitewater canoeing and kayaking in Ontario Canada

Global Kayak Playspots - Details on Global Kayak playsites

Greg and Judy's Kayak Adventures - Personal web page of a rookie and her husband who's not. Safety tips with pics to prove the theory. A few laughs at myself as I learn this sport. Opinions of the 3 different yaks we own with specs.

GUY STUFF - Kayaking at Lake Lowndes near Columbus, Mississippi. Links to area Kayak dealers and kayak accessories.

Hanging Rock Outdoor Center Online - HROC is your one stop internet resource for all of your watersports needs. Visit our online store today! We are located in the scenic Hanging Rock area of North Carolina. Tours available.

Heritage Canoes - Heritage Canoes builds woodstrip/epoxy canoes and kayaks without using staples. We have a line of canoe related products and links to paddling in Montana.

Howy's Outdoor world - We sell Orca ride on top kayaks and paddles.

Hull International Canoe Polo Challenge 2000 - The Hull International Canoe Polo Challenge is one of Europe's premier International events. It takes place right in the heart of the city of Hull, Yorkshire, and attracts many spectators for this exciting and colourful spectacle. Have a look at our website and you may decide to pay us a visit for real!

Hull International Canoe Polo Challenge 2000 - The Hull International Canoe Polo Challenge is one of Europe's premier International events. It takes place right in the heart of the city of Hull, Yorkshire, and attracts many spectators for this exciting and colourful spectacle. Have a look at our website and you may decide to pay us a visit for real!

ILENA Kayaking Index - This is intended to be a useful start point for kayaking and related information on the web. It is a simple links site, deliberately kept small so that all the links can be regularly checked and maintained, and its very very fast to load.

Illini Downstreamers canoe Club - Information about the Illini Downstreamers canoe Club including the trip schedule and contact information.

Illinois Paddling Council - IPC is a non-for-profit association of paddlers and paddling organizations in Illinois dedicated to promoting the safe enjoyment of recreational and competitive paddleing to assure access to the state's waters and protect and preserve natural resources within the state.

Inverness Lodge and Boatworks - Custom builders of Cedarstrip Canoes and Kayaks and suppliers of cedarstrips to other builders.

Kamhead - A total adventure sports camera system equally at home in the water on land or in the air. This low cost system is great for whitewater paddling sports where it was designed to seperate rather than hang the user on snags or other hazards. It can be applied to most any helmet and go anywhere you go and still allow the use of your hands.

kangaroo valley safaris - our site has info on southern rivers in n.s.w. australia it has info on self guided tours and guided/instructor tours

KANSAS RIVER OUTFITTERS - An excellent family entertainment value in outdoors recreational adventure. Enjoy a fun filled relaxing experience of camping and water activities. The General store filled with camping supplies, bait and tackle, boating and trailer accessories and Frisbee Pro Shop. All inside a scenic State Park.

kanuwanderfahrer - This is my way

Kayacano & les canots Bernier - Description: Specialists in the sale and manufacture and repair of kayaks and canoe of wood. We also sell plans materials and accessories.

Kayak around the world - Photos and travel description for canoe and kayak trips

Kayak Cape Cod - Self Guided Kayal trips on Cape Cod

KAYAK CORRAL - Huge, easy to use,index of kayaking sites. Recreational, whitewater & sea kayaks and accessories. Saline, MI

Kayak Corral - Recreacional, whitewater, seakayaks and accessories, retail, Saline MI, great info. links.

Kayak Fishing Texas - My site is dedicated to the sport of Kayak Fishing. Fishing the Texas coast or Texas' lakes and rivers. Fishing from a kayak is a fast and growing sport.

Kayak Korner - We help introduce you the exciting sport of kayak fishing. We have How-To's, Tips-N-Tricks, Photo's, Specialized Equipment, and more. Stop by and open up a new avenue for fishing.

Kayak Polo. Pag de Adrian Rodriguez. - A little page about canoe polo. Here you can find some images and links to other canoe polo sites on the web.

Kayak Polo. Pag de Adrian Rodriguez. - A little page about canoe polo. Here you can find some images and links to other canoe polo sites on the web.

Kayak Polo. Pag de Adrian Rodriguez. - A little page about canoe polo. Here you can find some images and links to other canoe polo sites on the web.

Kayak Sailing (Maillist) - Home of the kayak-sail mailing list and assorted links for canoe & kayak sailing.

Kayak Yukon - Paddling info on Canada's Yukon Terr - Paddling info on Canada's Yukon Territory with river levels weather coming events and coverage club info local vendor links river descriptions and pictures swimmer of the year award and much more

Kayaking - kayaks

Kayaking Cape Cod - Pages are to allow a group access to trip reports, and plan trips together. It also has some useful information related to kayaking the Cape, and some links.

Kayaking for beginers - A great site for those whom want to start out in the kayaking world. See it as it is so hot it's cool!!

Kayaking The Indian River Lagoon - Atrticle about Kayaking Florida's Indian River Lagoon System

Kayaknuts Webpage - Kayaking in southern ontario pics river/playspot specs links and current events.

Keel Haulers Canoe Club - Keel-Haulers Canoe Club! is a loose organization of some 375 families from Northeast Ohio who share a common interest in the outdoors in general and boating in particular. All kinds of boating. Whitewater & Sea Kayaking Canoeing Rafting and Racing. Our purpose is simply to pro

Kent's N.C. Outdoor Index Page - Online copies of previously published OC-2 trip reports on the Neuse R. Black R. Tar R. Roanoke R. and Fishing Creek all in North Carolina. How-to article on the basic principles of river navigation.

Kingfisher Canoe Muskoka - Kingfisher Canoe Muskoka manufactures cedar-canvas canoes. We also do restorations to all kinds of wooden boats. Parts and materials are available for building or repairing your own canoe. Canoe-building courses are offered

Kingston Kayak Club Website - This is the Website of the Hull(UK) based Kingston Kayak Club, which offers canoeing to all.

Kingston Mummies - Kingston Mummies are a ladies' canoe polo team from Kingston Kayak Club, Hull UK. Visit our site for photos, news, links and a simple explanation of the game.

Lakeland -

Lakeland Canoe Company - The Lakeland Canoe Company, located in Edmonton, Alberta, specializes in the repair and restoration of all types of wood canoes and kayaks.

Lance's Whitewater Page - Photos and information on Arkansas rivers and other places that I have paddled. Including stories and local creek descriptions.

Laughing Loon Custom Canoes & Kayaks - Laughing Loon Specializing in Lightweight, High Performance, Beautiful, Wood Strip Canoes and Kayaks. Handcrafted one at a time. Plus Building Plans for the home builder.Each boat is unique! I build what I know: Canoes & Kayaks. Custom boats designed and built to order. Kits are available for my designs.

Ledyard Canoe Club - is a student run organization affiliated with Dartmouth College. Located on the Connecticut River in Hanover NH. We rent kayaks canoes and equipment and give whitewater/flatwater clinics to members and non-members.

Leeds Canoe Club - This site contains details about Leeds Canoe Club, the oldest Canoe Club in Leeds, and lists club activities, contact details, coaching details, and much, much more

Little Bear Canoes - Little Bear Canoes offers uniquely handcrafted canoe coffee tables with cherry trim and safety glass tops. Our canoe bookshelves are 6' high with 4 sturdy shelves. Our model rib/plank models are available in a variety of colors.

Local River Guide to Western Colorado - A guide to class I-II rivers in Western Colorado near Grand Junction

Mackinaw Canoe Club's Web Site - The Mackinaw Canoe Club is a group of about 100 active paddlers in Central Illinois. Our members have interests and paddle sports experience ranging from canoes to kayaks from whitewater to flat water from novice to expert from canoe camping to day trips and everything in between. No matter what your paddle sport interest or level of ability and experience there is something here

Magnar Varsi, The Norwegian lost in wood - A homepage lost in wood. Many things made out of a piece of wood, - wooden canoes and ancient Norse woodworking teqniques.

Maine Path & Paddle Guides - Wilderness canoe adventures on the Allagsh Wilderness Waterway St Croix River and many other Maine paddling destinations. Maine Path & Paddle Guides are especially interested in family and senior trips.

Maine Rent-A-Guide - A network of native, independent guides offering canoe and kayak packages throughout the state.

Marah Wooden Boats - Custom cedar strip canoes and sea kayaks. Finished boats or plans, kits and construction help. Located in the Seattle area.

Marah Wooden Boats - Custom cedar strip canoes and sea kayaks. Finished boats or plans, kits and construction help. Located in the Seattle area.

Marah Wooden Boats - Marah Wooden Boats is dedicated to the construction of beautiful cedar strip canoes and sea kayaks. Kits and plans or completed crafts are available.

Martin Canoe & Snowshoe Tours - All-inclusive guided canoe trips. Canoe trip planning services. Customized canoe trips for families seniors and groups. Weekend canoeing. Northeastern Ontario and western Quebec. Experienced trained guides beautiful wilderness landscapes reasonable rates.

Mcquade Canoes - Hand made custom wood or canvas canoes

Minnesota Recreation Classifieds - Buy, sell, trade recreation related items. Free announcements for non-profit clubs & organizations. Serving Minnesota & surrounding areas.

Misty Isles Lodge - Misty Isles Lodge is a 1000 islands vacation resort with half-day and full-day kayak tours and kayak rentals available.

model SHARPE canoes - a short description of the miniature Sharpe canoes, which I make as a hobby

model SHARPE canoes - a short description of the miniature canoes I make as a hobby

Mountain Wayfarer - sea kayaking and dinghy sailing in Colorado and southwest

Museum for Historic foldingkayaks - Website of the "Historisches Faltbootkabinett", the Museum for Historic Foldingkayaks in Germany. Big Typelist with the most Foldabels ever build.

New England Canoe Racing Association - NECRA is a volunteer run organization dedicated to advancing the sport of canoe and kayak racing to paddlers of all skill levels and ages.

Nimbus kayak home page - Nimbus Sea kayak manufacturer specializing in fiberglass and kevlar touring kayaks. Our quality ocean kayaks are designed for functionality and manoeuvarbility while maintaining graceful lines.

Nissequegue River Canoe & Kayak Rentals - Nissequegue River is located on Long Island's scenic north shore. It runs from Kings Park to Smithtown. Trips run daily from April to November. Great river for all ages. Individuals, groups, schools, business, and organizations. Guided tours and instructions available.

North Carolina kayaking - Lumber river Outfitters, located in Fayetteville and Lumberton NC, offers Perception, Dagger and other models of boats. Lessons and guided trips are a specialty. Great discounts, shipping.

Northwest Canoe Co. - Site dedicated to those that love canoeing and kayaking. Offers pictures, custom built canoes and kayaks, paddles and supplies for people of all levels of skill. Constantly updated, and will soon have much more to offer!!

Norwegian Canoe Association - The Norwegian Canoe Association is the home of Norwegian Whitewater, Seakayaking, and Sprint Racing. The Norwegian Canoe Association is a national organization including 73 clubs and approximately 6.300 members.

Noyo Pacific Outfitters - Rental and sales information and an access guide for kayaking the Mendocino Coast.

NW Discoveries - NW Discoveries offers partial full and multiple day trips and lessons for first timer to experienced outdoor adventurer.

Ocean River Sports Victoria B.C. Canada - Ocean River Sports. Victoria B.C. Canada. Equipment resources and links for Kayakers Canoeists Outdoors Adventurers and water sport enthusiasts.

O'Hurleys Wooden Boats - We teach people to build great kayaks,rowing boats,skiffs and teach short course on strip building,we also sell completed boats

Onset Kayak - Onset Kayak gives you beach front, bay waters to Try before you Buy. Featuring Perception,Old Town,Heritage,and Harmony Gear. 3 hour trips from $35. All kayaks and gear new. Rentals and sales from the best beach in Southern Mass.

Onset Kayak - Sales and Rentals right from the beach in Onset Bay. Try before you Buy and save money & time. Guided Tours, Safety Clinics, and Learn to Kayak Clinics available.

oregon river excursions - southern oregon whitewater rafting on the north umpqua river in douglas county . canoe camping on the lower umpqua river. mountain biking tours & water fall hikes

oregon river excursions - southern oregon whitewater rafting on the north umpqua river in douglas county . canoe camping on the lower umpqua river. mountain biking tours & water fall hikes

Otter Wilderness - You'll find a short history of \"Otter Wilderness\" and its developer Richard Malvasio. There are descriptions of the different canoe trips offered and contact information.

Outdoor Gear Guide - A site dedicated to keeping people informed on there gear purchases.

Outdoor Planner - Check out our checklists and product reviews. Visiting this site will feel like sitting around a campfire sharing your best outdoor stories.

Pacific Currents...a coastal kayak compnay - Pacific Currents is dedicated to providing the highest quality sea kayak instruction in the nation. Have classes from beginning to ACA Instructor Certification.

Paddle to the Headwaters marathon site - Paddle 34 miles through ancient Redwood forests in this canoe and kayak marathon race and fun paddle Memrial Day weekend May 27 and 28, 2000. In Fortuna, California. Includes Water Sport Show, Races, Demos, Merchandise, Micro-Brews and Barbeque.

PaddleMaine.com chat board and informaition resour - PaddleMaine.com is Maine's newest paddling resource featuring a chat board directory classifieds and general paddling information.

paddlers notice board - a notice board for all british paddlers with information on all the diciplines, local water levels and much more.

Paddling in Sondrio Province (Central Alps) - the rivers of Sondrio's Province rivers maps advice for paddlers photos address and tourist information. You will find a form to subscribe the Mailing List "canoakayakitalia" (300 members)

PaddlinPaul's Paddlin'Page - A personal page with thumbnailed pictures and some links.

Pathways Canoeing Tours on Bowron Lakes - Experience the world-renowned Bowron Lakes wildlife sanctuary by travelling one of the most outstanding wilderness canoe circuits on the planet.

Pete & Ed Books Canoeing Club Links - Hundreds of canoeing kayaking and sea kayaking clubs indexed by state/country.

Pete Bouma's Canoeing photos - Photos of whitewater kayaking incluging waterfall descents in Ireland and Scotland

Phuket Paddles & Pirates - Follow Dave Stibbe & Frank Wolf on their 3500km sea kayak odyssey from Phuket, Thailand to Bali Indonesia. Departing Vancouver, BC, January 29, 2000

Portland Outfitters Inc. - Portland Outfitters is a family owned and operated livery on the Delware River. We are licensed to operate within the Delaware River National Recreation Area. Our river front landing makes for an ideal day on the river!

Precision - The newspaper of British canoe slalom

Ramblin' Uptown Muskrats Canoe Club - The Ramblin' Uptown Muskrats Canoe Club was founded in 1995 in Pitt County North Carolina. The purpose of the club is just to have a good time in a canoe. The founding members of the club genuinely enjoy being outdoors find pleasure in discovering what's around the next bend in the river and take delight in the fact that Native Americans and settlers plied the very same

Realwerks.com - this is a small site that contains various small movies of kayaking and rafting the steep creeks of the northwest.

RI Canoe/Kayak Association - A website for disseminating current information particularly to members of the Rhode Island Canoe/Kayak Association but contains much that is of interest to the paddling community as a whole. Updated daily.

RiverCityKayaks - Handcrafted wood sea kayaks at an affordable price!! $895-$1895, Eight models:singles to a triple, Free shipping and an excellent return policy.

Rivertripper's Base Camp - Photo journals of various wilderness canoe trips, gear list, links, recommended reading, and other information about canoe tripping.

Roger and Debbie's Kayaking Page - Information and links to kayaking subjects. Site concentrates on kayak camping on the rivers of Michigan and Indiana. Includes pictures and stories describing trips.

Safety Sponsons, Kayak and Canoe Rescues Safety - Comprehensive canoe and kayak rescue safety, stabilizing inevitable water inside to permit towing and paddling to safety.

Schmidt's Canoeing Service - Schmidt's Canoeing Service offers canoe trips for groups and individuals on the Fox River in Elgin Illinois, Which is 30 miles northwest of Chicago.

Schmidt's Canoeing Service - Schmidt's Canoeing Service offers canoe trips for groups and individuals on the Fox River in Elgin Illinois, which is 30 miles northwest of Chicago.

Secret Mountain Wooden Boats and Emporium - The design building and restoration of wooden boats is the companys main purpose. Helping the paddling sport to grow and inform others is the bonus of fun.

SEE-Kayak Directory - A comprehensive directory of sea kayaking related web pages. Listings of manufacturers clubs outfitters sources of kits and plans. Kayaking techniques and other resources for paddlers. Submit your sea kayak site.

Single Blade Symposium - The site is used to promote a festival style event to raise money for the Gull River Restoration project though sponsorships and particpation fee. For the particpants there will clinics on safety and technique, as well as demonstrations and social events on and of the river.

Stavsudda Kajakdepå - Idealiskt för den som verkligen vill skärgårdspaddla och slippa dyra, krångliga biltransporter och långa transportpaddlingar. Här har du omedelbar närhet till fantastiska paddlingsvatten i Stockholms skärgård.

Stella canoe club - South Africa - A view of Stella Canoe club in Durban, South Africa

Steve's Huron Village Canoe Restoration Page - See the restoration of a wood canvas canoe built in the 70's by the Bastien Brothers of Village Huron Quebec.

Stillwater Paddles - The Stillwater Paddle is an ergonomically correct canoe paddle designed for optimum control of your canoe during recreational and long distance paddling on flatwater.

Stratford/Perth Canoe Centre - Canoe Programs for kids and adults, Outrigger program and Adventure Canoe Triathlon Canoe Centre.

Stratford/Perth Canoe Centre - Canoe Programs for kids and adults, Outrigger program and Adventure Canoe Triathlon Canoe Centre.

T. Parkin Hunter's Home Page - The goal of the site is to provide information useful to canoers kayakers and birders in South Carolina. The site is the home of the Internet Edition of the Palmetto Paddler the newsletter of the Palmetto Paddlers Inc. a Columbia South Carolina based ca

Technical Help for Outdoor Adventurers - A place to get help from professionals.

The Bayou City Whitewater Club Network - The Bayou City Whitewater Club Network features access to river gages in various states current nws wx forecasts over 2000 paddle-related links in 27 different categories and more!

The Bear Paw Canoe Company - Information about canoeing canoe building and The Bear Paw Canoe Company

The Bracer Canoe Backrest - Innovative canoe backrests that also serve as portage pads.

The Celtic Kayaker - The Celtic Kayaker is a site devoted to kayaking and paddle sports in the Florida Keys. It will be updated on a regular basis with links news weather and nature related material to promote paddle sports in the Paradise of the Florida Keys!

The Domain of Watery Dreams - A quick detour for the whitewater enthusiast

The Great River Rumble - An annual one week trip on the Mississippi River camping at night. Typically 150 people or so.

The Home Page of Keech T. LeClair - I have a section on Open Canoe Whitewater Slalom Rcaing and a second section on our Open Canoe Whitewater Paddling School

The Jersey Paddler - The Jersey Paddler is the nation's largest canoe & Dealer with over 900 canoes & kayaks instock. We have a large selection of accessoris and offer you to try before you buy.

The Kayak Cover Company - My site describes and pictures the kayak covers which are made of brightly coated polyester.

The Kayak Hut - The Kayak Hut is a fun little site to help people, and give them a good, kayak-oriented site to look at!

The Kijik Canoe Company - The Kijik Canoe Company builds and sells quailty Cedar Canvas Kevlar and Fiberglass canoes as well as providing related products and services.

The Missouri Whitewater Association - The MWA is the largest paddling group in the state. With over 400 members willing to float anything with a current there are plenty of trips stories and a few white lies. Stop on by.

The Narly Green Canoe - The Narly Green Canoe, images suitable for wallpaper and useful links to elsewhere on the web, downloadable wav files of the sounds of the Loon. Changes coming to make this even more useful.

The Newfound Woodworks, Inc. - The Newfound Woodworks manufactures high quality cove and bead cedar strips that are provided with our canoe, kayak, and rowing boat kits based on designs by Guillemot Kayaks, Laughing Loon, Redfish Kayak, and Bear Mt. Boat Shop.

The Paddling Pages - Personal page devoted to kayaking whitewater-related links outdoor gear & clothing and general paddling information. Also included is a link to original mathematics lesson plans with a kayaking theme.

The River of the Double Bend Campground - The River of the Double Bend Campground in Trent, South Dakota has camping, tipi and canoe rentals. Come and enjoy the serenity of The Big Sioux River while camping and take one of our favorite canoe excursions.

The Timucuan Paddle Page - A site dedicated to paddling in N.E. Florida's Timucuan Preserve. Photos, stories and maps.

Think Rain Designs - Features gifts for paddlers - canoe,kayak,whitewater and touring paddlers. Clocks,mugs,crafts and more.

Tim's Home Page - A site about kayaking in Newfoundland with special emphasis on icebergs and whales.

Tindak Dinamik Adventure - Kayaking in Malaysia whitewater flat water and sea kayaking. Plus natural adventure

Tip Central - A site for kayakers outdoors fanatics and general fun-lovers.

Tupelo's Kanoe Krew - Kanoe Krew is a group of friends in and near Tupelo, MS that enjoy canoeing, whitewater rafting, camping, and other outdoor activities. This site is focused on rivers in the Mid-South and Southeastern United States.

Turtle Paddle Works by Jodie-Marc Lalonde - 4 Classic Designs to Choose From Currently we have three (3) canoe paddle designs available in your choice of Ash, Cherry or Walnut. And NEW for 2000 a Greenland Kayak paddle. All turtle Paddles come with a lifetime warranty against breaking while touring.

Turtle Tours Kayak Adventure - Nevis West Indies - Turtle Tours run half day kayak adventures along the coast of Nevis West Indies where you can enjoy the clear clean waters of the caribbean and see some of the most beautiful scenery in the world.

Tutor's Home Page - Kayaking - personal home page including a kayak section with photos

Two Dog River - Two Dog River is a work of fiction by Richard Day, which presents outdoor adventure in the wet and wild world of kayaking

Two Dog River - The epic whitewater novel about whitewater rafting and kayaking - take the journey!

Tyone Boats - Manufacturers of plywood and cedar strip canoes and kits for the UK and Ireland. Also sailing rigs, paddles and North canoes.

United States Canoe Association, Inc - Offers a comprehensive overview of canoe and kayak marathon racing in the USA. Insurance coverage for events. Youth Activities in racing. Membership in USCA. For Sale items.Merchandise. Contacts and E-mail addresses of officers and committee people. Jim Mack, Executive Director, USCA

University of St Andrews Canoe Club - Lots of useful kayak links as well as some great photos, river guides, trip reports and canoe polo.

USA Canoe and Kayak - USA Canoe Kayak national federation web page

Vortex Spring - We are located in Ponce de Leon,Fl. Vortex offer diving,camping,lodging and swimming. We also have paddle boat and canoe rentals.

Waquoit Kayak Company - Describes area to paddle, rates, tour description, boats available for sale, links to manufacturers, shows small sailboats

Water Walker Sea Kayaks - Offering a complete line of high performance fiberglass sea kayaks by Janautica at surprisingly affordable prices. Our site includes specs photos prices faqs and links to other paddling sites.

Wave Ski Karma - Welcome to Wave Ski Karma - the ONLY wave skiing publication in the world! You'll find everything you want to know - and more. Check it out!

Welcome To USKAYAK.com Inc - Races in the united states, competitive and leasure. Pictures and Promotions, you'll leave with a smile on your face.

Western Red Cedar Canoe/Kayak Strips - RavenWood Services manifactures and sells quality bead and cove strips made from Old Growth Western Red Cedar. We are located on the West Coast of British Columbia and sent our boat strips throughout North America www.ravencommunity.com

Western Red Cedar Canoe/Kayak Strips - RavenWood Services manifactures and sells quality bead and cove strips made from Old Growth Western Red Cedar. We are located on the West Coast of British Columbia and sent our boat strips throughout North America www.ravencommunity.com

Whole Earth Outfitters Kayaks Canoes - Whole Earth Outfitters provides a secure on line shopping location to purchase canoes, kayaks,camping gear,kayak kits, outdoor accessories, paddling gear, tours or lessons.

Wilderness Bound Video Productions - Wilderness Bound specializes in researching historically significant canadian rivers and guiding clients on film making projects in the Canadian Arctic. Its most recent accomplishment was the making of the award winning film "An Arctic Journey" Canoeing the Hood River.

Wood River Canoes - Website on making birch bark canoes and about Wood River Canoe Company

Wooden Canoe Heritage Association - The Wooden Canoe Heritage Association Ltd. (WCHA) is a non-profit membership association devoted to preserving studying building restoring and using wood-canvas cedar strip and birchbark canoes and to disseminating information about canoeing heritage in North America.

Wooden sea kayaks by One Ocean Kayaks - A site dedicated to design and construction of high performance wooden sea kayaks. Plans and manual for One Ocean Kayaks designs are available to do-it-yourself builders including detailed how-to tips, articles about sandwich core principles, epoxy, abrasion fabrics, material resources for builders and hundreds of pictures of kayaks under construction

Woodstrip Woodworking and Boat Building - Quality how-to books about woodstrip woodworking and boat building. Use woodstrips and epoxy to build canoes & kayaks, rowboats & sailboats. Plans included with most books. Online ordering available.

Zeballos Expeditions & Kayaks - A full service kayak outfitter providing rental, tours, water taxi and tour van with kayak transport anywhere on Vancouver Island BC

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